Chandra Shekhar Azad was born as Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari on July 23, 1906, in Alirajpur in present-day Madhya Pradesh. At the age of 15, he participated in the Non-Cooperation Banaras (present-day Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh). He was arrested and put under trial at Khareghat. It was during this famous trial that he announced his name as 'Azad,' his father's name as 'Swatantra,' and 'prison' as his home. He took his new name 'Azad' after getting released from prison.
Anguished from the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) by Mahatma Gandhi, he joined the Hindustan Republic Association (HRA), established by Ram Prasad Bismil and Sachindranath Sanyal. As a member of HRA, he participated in several political dacoities to raise funds for armed revolutionary activities. In 1925, he participated in the Kakori Train Action (also known as Kakori Train Robbery), organized by the Hindustan Republic Association. Chandra Shekhar Azad managed to escape and went to Jhansi, living in disguise for some years. He was given the name 'quicksilver' by Ram Prasad Bismil for his ability to move undetected.
HRA was reorganized into the Hindustan Republic Socialist Association (HSRA) in 1928 by Chandra Shekhar Azad with the help of Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries from Punjab and United Provinces. He was the commander of the military division of HSRA, responsible for planning, strategy, and execution of actions.
Azad was involved in the planning and execution of the murder of John Saunders, a British police officer in Lahore. Bhagat Singh and Rajguru shot Saunders, while Azad shot dead a police constable who chased the assassins. Further, HSRA was involved in the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt in 1929. He was also indirectly involved in the attempted bombing of Viceroy Lord Irwin's train in 1929.
Chandra Shekhar Azad was engaged in a fierce gun fight with the British in Alfred Park in Allahabad (now Prayagraj). He died at the age of 24 on February 27, 1931.
Kakori Train Action was carried out by HRA revolu¬tionaries when they robbed Number 8 Down Train, travelling from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow, carrying government cash. It took place on August 9, 1925, in Kakori, near Lucknow, in Uttar Pradesh. Four HRA revolutionaries, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, and Roshan Singh, were hanged. In 2024, the Uttar Pradesh Government announced the celebration of the Kakori Train Action centenary festival from August 9, 2024, to August 9, 2025.
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