| Mineral Elements |
Sources |
Significance |
Effects of deficiency. |
| Macro Elements |
| Calcium(Ca)# |
Milk, cereals, Cheese, Green Vegetables. |
Required for formation of teeth and Bones , blood clotting, function of nerves and muscles |
Weak theeth and bones ; retarded body growth. |
| Phosphorus(P) |
|
|
Weak theeth and bones ; retarded body growth and physiology. |
| Sulphur(S) |
Many protiens of food. |
Component of many amino acids. |
Distributed protein metabolism. |
| Pottassium(K) |
Meat, milk, cereals,fruits and vegetables. |
Required for acid-base balance, water regulation nad function of nerevs.. |
Low blood pressure, weak muscles; risk of paralysis.. |
| Chlorine(Cl) |
Table salt |
Required for acid base balance; component of gastric juice. |
Loss of appetite; muscles cramps |
| Magnesium(Mg) |
Cereals, green vegetables. |
Cofactor of many enzymes of glycolysis anda number of another metabolic reactions dependent upon ATP |
Irregularties of metabolism principally affecting nervous functions. |
| Iron(Fe) |
Meat, eggs , cereals, green vegetables. |
Component of haemoglobin and cytochromes. |
Anaemia, weakness and weak immunity. |
| Iodine(I) |
Milk, cheese, sea food, iodized salt |
important component of thyroxine hormone |
Goitre, Cretinism |
|
Micro Elements |
| Fluorine(F) |
Drinking water, tea , sea food |
Maintence of bones and teeth. |
Weak theeth, larger amount causes motting of teeth. |
| Zinc(Zn) |
Cereals, Milk, eggs, meat, sea food |
Cofactor of digestive and many other enzymes |
Retarded growth, anaemia, rough skin, weak immunity and fertility |
| Copper(Cu) |
Meat, dry fruits , POds , Green vegetables, sea food |
Cofactor of cytochrome oxidase enzyme.Necessary for iron metabolism and development of blood vessels and connective tissues |
Anaemia,weak blood vessels and connective tissues |
| Manganese(MN) |
Dry fruits, cereals,tea fruits and green vegetables |
Cofactor of some enzymes of urea synthesis and transfer of phosphate group |
Irregular growth of bones, cartilages and connective tissues |
| Cobalt(Co) |
MIlk, cheese, meat |
Important component of vitamin B12 |
Anaemia |
| Selenium(SE) |
Meat, cereals, sea food |
Cofactor of many enzymes; assists vitamin E |
Muscular pain; weakness of cardiac muscles |
| Chromium(CR) |
Yeast, sea food, meat, some vegetables |
Important for catabolic metabolism |
Irregularities of catabolic meatbolism and ATP production |
| Molybdenum(MO) |
Cereals, pods, some vegetables |
Cofactor of some enzymes |
Irregular excreation of nitrogenous waste products |
| Vitamin |
Chemical Name |
Properties |
Deficiency disease |
|
A |
Retinol |
General health giving vitamin, can be stored liver |
Night blindness |
|
B1 |
Thiamine |
For Growth, carbohydrate metabolism, functioning of heart |
Beri-Beri |
|
B2 |
Riboflavin |
For Keeping skin and mouth healthy |
Cheilosis |
|
B5 |
Niacin |
For healthy skin, sound mental health |
Pellagra |
|
B6 |
Pyridoxine |
Processing of proteins and for nervous system |
Convulsions in child |
|
B12 |
Cynacobalamin |
Required for formation and maturation of RBCs |
Pernicious anaemia |
|
C |
Ascorbic Acid |
For keeping teeth , gums and joints healthy .Gets destroyed on heating |
Scurvy |
|
D |
Calciferol |
For normal bones and teeth, can be stored in liver |
Rickets |
|
E |
Tocopherol |
For normal reproduction , removes scars and wrincles |
Sterility |
|
K |
Phylloquinone |
For normal clotting of blood |
Haemophilia |
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